Creation of Digital Terrain Models

• What is a Digital Terrain Model ?

A Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is a computer-generated 3D representation of a terrain surface that includes the elevation data of the terrain.

• How are Digital Terrain Models Created ?

DTMs can be created using various methods, including:

• Aerial photogrammetry
• LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) scanning
• Satellite imagery
• Ground-based surveying

Aerial Photogrammetry

Aerial photogrammetry involves capturing multiple aerial photographs of the terrain and using software to create a 3D model of the terrain surface.

LiDAR Scanning

LiDAR scanning involves using laser technology to measure the distance between the sensor and the terrain surface. The data is used to create a highly accurate 3D model of the terrain surface.

Satellite Imagery

Satellite imagery can be used to create a DTM by analyzing the shadows and reflections on the terrain surface to determine the elevation.

Ground-Based Surveying

Ground-based surveying involves physically measuring the elevation of the terrain at different points and using the data to create a DTM.

Applications of Digital Terrain Models

DTMs are used in a variety of applications, including:

• Urban planning
• Environmental modeling
• Engineering design
• Natural resource management

Urban Planning

DTMs are used in urban planning to create 3D models of the terrain and buildings to visualize and analyze the impact of proposed developments on the surrounding area.

Environmental Modeling

DTMs are used in environmental modeling to study the impact of changes in the terrain on natural ecosystems.

Engineering Design

DTMs are used in engineering design to create accurate models of the terrain and to design infrastructure such as roads and bridges that can withstand the natural variations of the terrain.

Natural Resource Management

DTMs are used in natural resource management to analyze the terrain and plan land use in a way that minimizes the impact on the environment and maximizes the use of natural resources.